Igesi yezokwelapha ibhekisela kugesi elisetshenziswa ekwelapheni.Ezinye zisetshenziselwa ukwelashwa ngokuqondile;ezinye zisetshenziselwa izinzwa;ezinye zisetshenziselwa ukushayela imishini yezokwelapha namathuluzi;ezinye zisetshenziselwa ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha kanye namagciwane kanye nesiko lombungu.Okuvame ukusetshenziswa umoya-mpilo, i-nitrous oxide, i-carbon dioxide, i-argon, i-helium, i-nitrogen nomoya ocindezelweyo.
Imvelo nokusetshenziswa kwegesi yezokwelapha:
1. I-Oxygen (Oxygen) I-molecular formula of oxygen yi-O2.Kuyi-oxidizer eqinile kanye nesithuthukisi somlilo.Lapho i-oksijini ehlushwa kakhulu ihlangana namafutha, izoba nokusabela okunamandla kwe-oxidation, ikhiqize izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, futhi ishise futhi iqhume.Ngakho-ke, ifakwe kuhlu njengento eyingozi yomlilo Yekilasi B kokuthi “Ikhodi Yomklamo Wokuvikela Umlilo Wezakhiwo”.
Kodwa-ke, umoya-mpilo ubuye ube yinto eyisisekelo kakhulu yokusekela ukuphila, futhi usetshenziselwa ukwelapha ukwenezela umoya-mpilo ezigulini ezine-hypoxic.Ukuhogela okuqondile kwe-oksijini ehlanzekile kuyingozi emzimbeni womuntu, futhi ukugxila komoya-mpilo wokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside ngokuvamile akudluli ku-30-40%.Iziguli ezivamile zihogela umoya-mpilo ngamabhodlela athambisayo;iziguli ezigula kakhulu zihogela umoya-mpilo ngomshini wokuphefumula.I-oksijeni iphinde isetshenziswe emakamelweni anomfutho ophezulu ukwelapha ukugula kokuntywila, ubuthi begesi, kanye nokwenza imithi ye-athomu.
I-molecular formula ye-nitrous oxide ithi N2O.Uyigesi engenambala, enephunga elimnandi futhi enuka kamnandi.Ngemva kokuhogela okuncane, imisipha yobuso izoba ne-spasm futhi kubonakale ukuhleka, ngakho-ke ngokuvamile kuyaziwa ngokuthi igesi ehlekayo (i-laugh-gas).
I-nitrous oxide ayisebenzi futhi ayigqwali ekamelweni lokushisa;kodwa-ke, izokhipha i-aluminium, insimbi, i-alloy yethusi nezinye izinsimbi lapho ishisa;izogqwalisa i-polypropylene ngaphezu kuka-60°C.
I-nitrous oxide izobola ibe yi-nitrogen nomoya-mpilo lapho izinga lokushisa lidlula u-650℃, ngakho-ke inomphumela osekela ukuvutha.Emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, izingcindezi ezingaphezu kwe-15 atmosphere zizobangela ukushisa kwamafutha.
Igesi ehlekayo incibilika kancane emanzini, incibilika kalula ku-acetone, i-methanol ne-ethanol, futhi ingancishiswa futhi imuncwe izixazululo ze-alkaline ezifana ne-high-chlorine bleaching powder nomlotha wesoda.
Ngemva kokuhogela inani elincane le-nitrous oxide, linomphumela we-anesthesia nomphumela we-analgesic, kodwa inani elikhulu lokuhogela lingabangela ukuphefumula.Ngokwezokwelapha, ingxube ye-nitrous oxide ne-oxygen (isilinganiso sokuxuba: 65% N2O + 35% O2) isetshenziswa njenge-anesthetic, futhi ihogela isiguli ngendlela evaliwe noma i-ventilator.Ngesikhathi sokubulala izinzwa, sebenzisa amamitha okugeleza kwe-oxygen ne-nitrous oxide ukuze uqaphe isilinganiso sokuxuba kokubili ukuvimbela isiguli ekuphefumuleni.Lapho umisa ukuphefumula, isiguli kufanele sinikezwe umoya-mpilo ngaphezu kwemizuzu eyi-10 ukuvimbela i-hypoxia.
Ukusebenzisa i-nitrous oxide njengesibulala-zinzwa kunezinzuzo zesikhathi esifushane sokungeniswa, umphumela omuhle we-analgesic, ukululama ngokushesha, futhi akukho miphumela emibi ekuphefumuleni, esibindini nasekusebenzeni kwezinso.Kodwa kunomphumela omncane wokuvimbela ku-myocardium, ukuphumula kwemisipha akuphelele, futhi i-anesthesia ejwayelekile ibuthakathaka.I-nitrous oxide iyodwa njengesibulala-zinzwa ifaneleka kuphela emisebenzini emincane efana nokukhipha izinyo, ukubuyisela ukuphuka, ukusika ithumba, umthungo wokuhlinzwa, ukukhipha isisu okwenziwayo, nokulethwa okungenabuhlungu.Emisebenzini emikhulu, ivame ukusetshenziswa ngokuhambisana ne-barbiturates, i-succinylcholine, i-opiates, i-cyclopropane, i-ether, njll.
Igesi ehlekayo ibuye isetshenziswe njengesiqandisi, i-ejenti yokuthola ukuvuza, i-agent ekhilimu egwebulile, isivikelo sokudla, i-ejenti esekela ukuvutha, njll.
3. I-carbon dioxide
I-molecular formula ye-carbon dioxide yi-CO2, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-carbon dioxide.Igesi engenambala, emuncu, futhi enobuthi obuncane.Ayisebenzi ekamelweni lokushisa, iyancibilika emanzini, futhi ukuncibilika kwayo kungamanzi angu-0.144g/100g (25℃).Ku-20°C, i-carbon dioxide ingaba uketshezi olungenambala ngokuyicindezela ku-5.73×106 Pa, evame ukucindezelwa futhi igcinwe kusilinda.I-Carbon dioxide ingenziwa ibe yiqhwa elomile ngokucindezela (5.27×105Pa) kanye nokupholisa (ngezansi -56.6℃).Iqhwa elomile lingafakwa ngokuqondile libe yigesi ku-1.013×105 Pa (ukucindezela komkhathi) kanye -78.5°C.Uma i-carbon dioxide ewuketshezi ihwamuka ngokushesha ngaphansi kwengcindezi encishisiwe, ingxenye yokumunca ukushisa kwe-gasification yenza enye ingxenye icishe ibe ukuqina okufana neqhwa, okucindezela okuqinile okufana neqhwa kube okuqinile okufana neqhwa (iqhwa elomile).
Umkhawulo ophephile wokuqukethwe kwe-carbon dioxide emoyeni ngu-0.5%.Uma idlula u-3%, izothinta umzimba.Uma idlula u-7%, izodala i-coma.Uma idlula ama-20%, izodala ukufa.
Ngokwezokwelapha, i-carbon dioxide isetshenziselwa ukufaka umoya wesisu kanye nekholoni ye-laparoscopy kanye ne-fiber colonoscopy.Ngaphezu kwalokho, iphinde isetshenziselwe ukutshala amagciwane (amabhaktheriya anaerobic) elabhorethri.I-high-pressure carbon dioxide ingasetshenziswa futhi ku-cryotherapy ukwelapha ulwelwesi lwama-cataract kanye nezifo zemithambo.
I-Carbon dioxide ayishi, ayishi, futhi isindayo kunomoya (ukuminyana 1.977g/L ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, cishe izikhathi ezingu-1.5 kunomoya), engamboza izinto ezingaphezulu futhi ihlukanise umoya, ngakho-ke kuvame ukusetshenziswa Ukucima umlilo, okusetshenziselwa ukushisela okuvikelwe kwe-carbon dioxide (okusetshenziselwa ukuhlukanisa umoya-mpilo), njll. Iqhwa elomile lingasetshenziswa njengesiqandisi, ingxube yokuvala inzalo, futhi isetshenziselwe ukuna kwemvula yokwenziwa.
4. I-Argon
I-molecular formula ye-argon ngu-Ar.Igesi engenambala, engenaphunga futhi engenabuthi.Ayishi, ayishi, futhi ayihlangani ngamakhemikhali nezinye izinto, ngakho-ke ingasetshenziswa ukuvikela izinsimbi ku-oxidation.
I-argon gas i-ionized ibe yi-argon gas ions ngaphansi kwesenzo semvamisa ephezulu nokucindezela okuphezulu.Le ion yegesi ye-argon ine-conductivity enhle kakhulu futhi ingadlulisela ngokuqhubekayo okwamanje.I-argon gas ngokwayo inganciphisa izinga lokushisa lesilonda ngesikhathi sokusebenza, futhi inciphise i-oxidation ne-carbonization (umusi, i-eschar) yezicubu ezonakalisiwe.Ngakho-ke, kuvame ukusetshenziselwa imvamisa ephezulu ekwelashweni kwezokwelapha.
Izinsimbi zokuhlinza ezifana nommese we-argon.
I-Argon iphinde isetshenziswe ekushiseni okuvikelwe kwe-argon, amalambu e-fluorescent, ukukhiqizwa kwesekethe ehlanganisiwe, njll.
5. I-Helium (i-helium)
I-molecular formula ye-helium ngu-He.Iphinde ibe igesi ye-inert engenambala, engenaphunga futhi engenabuthi.Ayishi, ayishi, futhi ayihlangani ngamakhemikhali nezinye izinto, ngakho-ke ingasetshenziswa ukuvikela izinsimbi ku-oxidation.Ngokwezokwelapha, ivamise ukusetshenziswa ezinsimbini zokuhlinza ezifana nemimese ye-helium ye-high-frequency.
6. I-nitrogen
I-molecule ye-nitrogen yi-N2.Igesi engenambala, engenaphunga, engenabuthi, engashi.Ayisebenzi ekamelweni lokushisa futhi ayisebenzi ngamakhemikhali nezinsimbi ezivamile.Ngakho-ke, i-nitrogen ehlanzekile ivame ukusetshenziselwa i-metal anti-corrosion, njengokugcwalisa ama-bulb, i-anti-rust kanye nesitoreji esigcwele umoya sezinto, ukulondolozwa, ukuvikelwa kwe-welding, ukushintshwa kwegesi, njll. Ibuye isetshenziselwe ukuhlanganiswa kwe-ammonia, ukukhiqiza i-nitric acid. , iziqhumane, umanyolo we-nitrogen, njll., futhi inezinhlobonhlobo zokusetshenziswa.
Ezokwelapha ezisetshenziselwa ukushayela imishini yezokwelapha namathuluzi.
I-nitrogen ewuketshezi ivame ukusetshenziswa ku-cryotherapy ekuhlinzeni, kwi-stomatology, kwi-gynecology, nakwi-ophthalmology ukwelapha i-hemangioma, umdlavuza wesikhumba, izinduna, ama-hemorrhoids, umdlavuza wamabele, ama-polyps ahlukahlukene, ulwelwesi, i-glaucoma, kanye nokufaka imbewu yokufakelwa.
7. Umoya ocindezelwe (umoya)
Umoya ocindezelwe usetshenziselwa ukudlulisa amandla ezinsimbi zokuhlinza ngomlomo, izinsimbi zamathambo, ama-ventilators, njll.
Ngaphezu kwamagesi ayi-7 avame ukusetshenziswa angenhla, kukhona namagesi ezokwelapha anenhloso ekhethekile:
8. I-hernia yezokwelapha
Igesi ye-xenon yezokwelapha isetshenziswa kakhulu emshinini we-CT we-gas tube.Igesi ye-xenon ivuselela i-ionization ngokumunca amandla, futhi ama-ion ayo ayashesha endaweni kagesi futhi ashaye ipuleti lensimbi ukuze akhiqize ama-X-ray.Ngenxa yokuthi ukumuncwa nokudluliswa kwama-X-ray ngezicubu zomuntu kuhlukile, kuyadlula Ikhompyutha icubungula idatha yomzimba womuntu ngemva kokuba i-X-ray ifakwe imisebe, bese kuba isithombe esiphambene noma esinezinhlangothi ezintathu zomzimba. zihlolwe zingabanjwa.
9. I-Krypton
Isetshenziswa kakhulu njengezinto ezisizayo zokuthakazelisa komthombo we-laser ezibhedlela ukuze kwandiswe amandla omthombo we-laser wasekuqaleni, ukuze kufinyelelwe ekuxilongweni okunembe kakhudlwana nokwelashwa kwezifo ngodokotela.
10. Neon
Isetshenziswa kakhulu ekuhlanzeni nasekushintsheni igesi yemishini yokuhlinza nge-laser evame ukusetshenziswa ezibhedlela.Izidingo ezithile zinqunywa amamodeli ahlukene okuhlinzwa nge-laser esibhedlela.
11. Igesi exutshiwe
▲N2+CO2 noma CO2+H2
Isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi isiko lamabhaktheriya e-anaerobic ezibhedlela, okusebenza inhloso yokukhulisa amagciwane adingwa ukudla okunomsoco, kusiza ukutholwa kwezinhlobo zamabhaktheriya, futhi ihlangabezane nezidingo zokuhlonza amagciwane, okuhambisana nokuxilongwa nokwelashwa emtholampilo.
▲5-10%CO2/Umoya
Isetshenziswa ohlelweni lwe-cerebral circulatory, inhloso ukukhuthaza nokusheshisa ukuthuthuka kokujikeleza kwegazi lokujikeleza kwe-cerebral, nokugcina ukuzinza kokujikeleza kobuchopho.
▲Igesi exubile ye-ternary yezokwelapha
Isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi isiko lamaseli kanye nesiko lombungu.Kuyigesi esetshenziswa kakhulu ezikhungweni zokuzala zasesibhedlela nakwezinye izingxenye.
12. Igesi elisizayo lokuzimisela kwegazi
Ngokuyinhloko isetshenziselwa ukuvikela ukuhlukaniswa nokuzinza kwezingxenye zegazi ngesikhathi sokukalwa kwegazi, ukuze kubalwe ngokunembile inani lengxenye ngayinye, njengamaseli abomvu egazi, amangqamuzana egazi amhlophe, njll.
13, amaphaphu asakaza igesi
Isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukuhlinzwa kwamaphaphu ukuze kwandiswe umthamo, kube lula ukuhlinzwa nokuvimbela i-atrophy yamaphaphu ekubeni ibe yincane.
14. Ukubulala amagciwane kanye negesi yokuvala inzalo
15. Excimer laser gas
16. Ukukhipha kanye nokwelashwa kwegesi ephumayo kanye noketshezi olulahlwayo
Uketshezi olumoshayo
Imfucumfucu ewuketshezi ekhiqizwa ekwelapheni ihlanganisa isikhwehlela, ubomvu negazi, ama-ascites, indle yokugeza indle, njll., engaqoqwa futhi icutshungulwe ngohlelo lokumunca i-vacuum.
I-anesthetic waste gas
Ngokuvamile kubhekiselwa kugesi ephumayo exubile ekhishwa isiguli ngesikhathi sokubulala izinzwa.Izingxenye zayo eziyinhloko yi-nitrous oxide, i-carbon dioxide, umoya, i-enflurane, i-sevoflurane, i-isoflurane namanye amagesi e-ether.
Igesi yemfucuza yokubulala izinzwa iyingozi kubasebenzi bezokwelapha.Ngasikhathi sinye, izingxenye ezine-asidi ephansi kugesi ephumayo zinethonya elibi emishinini, ngakho-ke igesi yokukhipha izinzwa ekhishwa isiguli.
Kufanele iqoqwe, icutshungulwe noma ihlanjululwe yi-Anesthetic Gas Scavenging System futhi ikhishwe ngaphandle kwesakhiwo.
Njengamanje, indlela yokwelapha esetshenziswa kakhulu ukumunca igesi yemfucuza yokubulala izinzwa nge-activated carbon bese uyishisa.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-16-2021