Ukuhlukaniswa Kwamadivayisi Ezokwelapha.

Izimo eziyisisekelo zokuthi imishini yezokwelapha iqhubeke ithuthukisa izinga lesayensi yezokwelapha nobuchwepheshe nayo iwuphawu olubalulekile lwezinga lesimanjemanje.Imishini yezokwelapha isiphenduke insimu ebalulekile yokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha kwanamuhla.Ukuthuthukiswa kokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha kuncike kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwezinsimbi, futhi ngisho nasekuthuthukisweni kwemboni yezokwelapha, ukuphumelela kwayo nakho kunendima ebalulekile.Imishini yezokwelapha ibhekisela kumathuluzi. , izinto ezisetshenziswayo, izinto zikagesi, izinto ezisetshenziswayo, noma ezinye izinto ezisetshenziswa zodwa noma zihlangene emzimbeni womuntu, kuhlanganisa nesoftware edingekayo.Umphumela wokwelapha womzimba womuntu nomzimba awutholakali ngokusebenzisa imithi, i-immunology noma izindlela ze-metabolic, kodwa imikhiqizo yemishini yezokwelapha idlala indima ethile yokusiza.Ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa, ihlose ukufeza lezi zinhloso ezihlosiwe ezilandelayo: ukuvimbela, ukuxilonga, ukwelashwa, ukuqapha, ukukhululwa kwezifo;ukuxilongwa, ukwelashwa, ukuqapha, ukukhululwa kanye nokunxeshezelwa kokulimala noma ukukhubazeka;ucwaningo, ukushintshwa kanye nokulungiswa kwezinqubo ze-anatomical noma ze-physiological;nokulawula ukukhulelwa.

Ukuhlukaniswa Kwamadivayisi Ezokwelapha

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zokuhlukaniswa ezikhuthazwa kakhulu ngemishini yezokwelapha, okungukuthi, okokusebenza kokuxilonga, okokwelapha, kanye nemishini esiza.

1. Imishini yokuxilonga ingahlukaniswa ngezigaba eziyisishiyagalombili: Imishini yokuhlola i-X-ray, imishini yokuxilonga i-ultrasonic, imishini yokuhlola esebenzayo, okokusebenza kwe-endoscopy, okokusebenza kwemithi yenuzi, okokuhlola elabhorethri kanye nemishini yokuxilonga izifo.

2. Imishini yokwelapha ingahlukaniswa ngezigaba eziyi-10: imishini yokuhlengikaza ewodini (imibhede yesiguli, izinqola, amasilinda omoya-mpilo, imishini yokugeza isisu, imijovo engenanaliti, njll.);imishini yokuhlinza (imibhede yokusebenza, izinto zokukhanyisa, izinsimbi zokuhlinza namatafula ahlukahlukene nama-racks) , Izihlalo, amakhabethe, kuhlanganise nemishini yokuhlinza encane);okokusebenza kwe-radiotherapy (umshini wokwelapha othintana naye, umshini wokwelapha ongashoni, umshini wokwelapha ngokujulile, i-accelerator, umshini wokwelapha we-cobalt angama-60, i-radium noma i-137 cesium intracavitary therapy kanye nokwelashwa kwedivayisi ngemva kokufakwa, njll.);Izindlela zokwelapha zemishini yokwelapha nge-nuclear zihlanganisa ukwelashwa kwemisebe yangaphakathi, ukwelashwa kwesicelo kanye nokwelashwa kwe-colloid;imishini ngokomzimba namakhemikhali (ngokujwayelekile, ingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezine: ibhizinisi le-phototherapy, imishini ye-electrotherapy, ukwelashwa kwe-ultrasound kanye nemishini yokwelapha isulfure);imishini ye-laser— Ijeneretha ye-laser yezokwelapha (evame ukusetshenziswa i-ruby laser, i-helium-neon laser, i-carbon dioxide laser, i-argon ion laser ne-YAG laser, njll.);imishini yokwelapha i-dialysis (izinso zokwenziwa ezivame ukusetshenziswa zihlanganisa izinso zokwenziwa zohlobo oluyisicaba kanye nezinso zokwenziwa zamashubhu);Imishini yokuqandisa izinga lokushisa lomzimba (ummese obandayo we-semiconductor, ummese obandayo wegesi, ummese obandayo oqinile, njll.);imishini yosizo lokuqala (i-cardiac defibrillation ne-pacing equipment, i-ventilator yokwenziwa, i-atomizer ye-ultrasonic, njll.);ezinye izinto zokwelashwa (i-hyperbaric oxygen chamber, ophthalmology high Frequency chromium kagesi, i-electromagnetic iron absorber, i-vitreous cutter, isihlukanisi segazi, njll.).Konke lokhu kungokwezinto zokwelashwa okukhethekile zomnyango ngamunye, uma kunesidingo, zingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezihlukene.

3. Izinto ezisizayo zingahlukaniswa zibe lezi zigaba ezilandelayo: okokubulala amagciwane nokubulala inzalo, okokufaka efrijini, ukumunca okuphakathi nendawo kanye nesistimu yokuhlinzeka komoyampilo, okokufaka umoya, okokusebenza kwemishini eyenza imithi, okokugcina igazi, okokusebenza kwedatha yezokwelapha, ividiyo yezokwelapha kanye nemishini yokuthwebula izithombe, njll.

Imisebenzi

Imishini yezokwelapha iwuphawu olubalulekile lwezinga lokwenziwa kwesimanjemanje, into eyisisekelo kakhulu yokwelashwa, ucwaningo lwesayensi, ukufundisa nokucwaninga, nokufundisa, futhi iyisimo esiyisisekelo sokuqhubeka nokuthuthukisa izinga lesayensi yezokwelapha nobuchwepheshe.Ukuthuthukiswa kweziyalo zomtholampilo kuncike kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwezinsimbi, futhi kudlala indima ewujuqu.Ngakho-ke, imishini yezokwelapha isiphenduke insimu ebalulekile yezokwelapha zanamuhla.Izinto zokwelashwa zisho amathuluzi, okokusebenza, izinto ezisetshenziswayo, noma ezinye izinto ezisetshenziswa emzimbeni womuntu kuphela noma zihlangene, kuhlanganisa nesofthiwe edingekayo;imiphumela yayo ebusweni nasemzimbeni womuntu ayitholakali ngezindlela zemithi, i-immunological noma i-metabolic, kodwa Lezi zindlela zingabamba iqhaza futhi zidlale indima ethile yokusiza;ukusetshenziswa kwazo kuhloselwe ukufeza izinhloso ezilandelayo ezilindelekile:

(1) Ukuvimbela, ukuxilongwa, ukwelashwa, ukuqapha kanye nokunciphisa izifo;

Imishini yezokwelapha yochwepheshe

(2) Ukuxilongwa, ukwelashwa, ukuqapha, ukunciphisa, kanye nesinxephezelo sokulimala noma ukukhubazeka;

(3) Ucwaningo, ukufaka esikhundleni, kanye nokulungiswa kwezinqubo ze-anatomical noma ze-physiological;

(4) Ukulawula ukukhulelwa.

Izidingo zobuchwepheshe

Akukho ukucima kukagesi esibhedlela.Uma kwenzeka ukuphela kukagesi, kungase kusongele izimpilo zeziguli.Ngokufanayo, imishini yezokwelapha ayikwazi ukucishwa.Ngakho-ke, imishini yezokwelapha inezidingo eziqine kakhulu ekucacisweni kokunikezwa kwamandla.Ngakho-ke, kunezincazelo ezikhethekile ekwakhiweni kwamabhethri emishini yezokwelapha.

Isidingo semikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi yezokwelapha e-China sikhula ngaphezu kwesilinganiso somhlaba wonke—isibalo esikhulu sabantu kanye nenani labantu abagugayo elandayo unyaka nonyaka kanye nokuqwashisa kwabantu ngezempilo okwandayo, okuqhutshwa izinqubomgomo zikazwelonke, ukwaziswa kwezokwelapha kanye nenguquko kwezobuchwepheshe.Isidingo semakethe semikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi yezokwelapha e-China siyaqhubeka nokugcina ukukhula okusheshayo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-China isiqalile ukusebenzisa Uhlelo Lweminyaka Eyi-12 Lweminyaka Emihlanu, lapho ukuthuthukiswa kwemishini yezokwelapha esikhathini esizayo kunemigomo emithathu elandelayo: 1) Ukusheshisa ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yemishini yezokwelapha yasekhaya;2) Ukusebenzisa uhlelo oluhlangene lokuthenga;3) Izikhungo zezokwelapha zasekhaya Okubaluleke kakhulu kufanele kunikezwe ekuthengeni imishini yezokwelapha yasekhaya.Ngokuqaliswa kancane kancane kwalolu hlelo lwezinguquko zezokwelapha, abakhiqizi bemishini yezokwelapha basekhaya benze wonke amalungiselelo ukuze basebenzise leli thuba lentuthuko elingavamile ukuthuthukisa isizukulwane esisha semishini yezokwelapha.

Ngaphezu kwemishini yezokwelapha okufanele ihambisane nezindinganiso eziqashelwa umhlaba wonke, ezinye izinto ezifana nokusebenza okuyisisekelo kanye nokuthi amandla asetshenziswayo ahlangabezana nezimfuneko zibaluleke kakhulu, ngoba impilo yesiguli izothinteka ngokuqondile noma ngokungaqondile kuyo.Kodwa-ke, okokusebenza kwezokwelapha kwe-elekthronikhi okuhlobene nokunakekelwa kwesiguli, ukwelashwa komtholampilo, ukuqapha impilo, noma ukuskena isithombe, uma amandla ehluleka, ukuphelelwa amandla, noma ezinye izinkinga, imiphumela izothinta ngqo impilo yesiguli, futhi ithinte ngisho nezinkinga zesiguli. impilo.Banga umonakalo wesikhashana noma unomphela.

Thatha impahla yaselabhorethri noma okokuxilonga njengesibonelo.Uma kunenkinga ngokuphakelwa kukagesi, abasebenzi bezokwelapha ngeke bakwazi ukuxilonga okulungile kusenesikhathi, futhi ngezinye izikhathi kuyodingeka benze ezinye izivivinyo eziningi.Lokhu kuzomosha isikhathi futhi kwandise ukucabanga kwabasebenzi bezokwelapha neziguli.umthwalo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho amandla okunikezwa kwamandla emishini yezokwelapha ehluleka, ngisho noma kungabi inkinga yokuphepha ngokushesha, ngeke ikwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yayo eyisisekelo.Ngakho-ke, abathuthukisi bemishini yezokwelapha akumele bavale izintuba zokuklama kuphela esigabeni sokukhulelwa komkhiqizo, kodwa ngisho nomjikelezo wempilo yonke yomkhiqizo Izingozi ezifanele zilawulwa njalo ngaphakathi ukuze kugwenywe ukwehluleka kwemishini.

Izici

Imishini yezokwelapha ngomqondo obanzi ihlanganisa okokwelashwa kanye nemishini yezokwelapha yasendlini, kuyilapho imishini yezokwelapha echwepheshile ingabandakanyi imishini yezokwelapha yasendlini.Kungabonakala ukuthi nakuba behlobene eduze, baphinde babe ubuhlobo obuhlanganisayo, futhi ukuhlukana okucashile akunzima ukukubona.

Ukulungiswa nokugcinwa kwemishini emikhulu yezokwelapha, ukufakwa kwemishini kanye nokulahlwa kwemishini kungomunye wemisebenzi esemqoka yomnyango wemishini esibhedlela.Kuhlobene ngokuqondile nokuphepha kokusetshenziswa kwemishini, ukuphumelela kokuhlolwa nokuhlolwa kwemishini yezokwelapha yasemtholampilo, kanye Nokubambisana nokuqhubeka komsebenzi wezokwelapha esibhedlela sonke.Iphuzu eliyisisekelo ekuthuthukisweni nasekuklanyweni kohlelo yindlela umnyango wezinsizakusebenza osebenzisa ngayo abasebenzi abalinganiselwe, izinsiza ezibonakalayo kanye nezinsiza ezilinganiselwe.Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqinisekisa izinga elijwayelekile lokusetshenziswa kwezinto zokusebenza uma kucatshangelwa ukonga kwezindleko ukuze kuzuzwe izinga eliphezulu lokunakekela okuzimele.Isihloko.

Ngokusekelwe ekunakekelweni kwemishini yezokwelapha, lesi sihloko sisebenzisa ukubhala ikhodi yebha yedijithali kanye nemishini yokuzifaka izinombolo ukuze kwakhiwe amafayela okulungisa nokulungisa okokusebenza, kanye nezibalo zekhompyutha ezibanzi mayelana nokukhanda imishini, ukugcinwa, ukufakwa, kanye nedatha yokuphelelwa yisikhathi kwemishini.

Imigomo yokuklama isistimu

Okulandelayo kuchaza uhlelo kusuka kuzici ezimbalwa zesistimu, kugxile ekunikezeni umbono wokuthuthukisa, kunohlelo olulula.

Uhlakaniphile

Uhlelo olukhulu lokuphatha ukugcinwa kwemishini yasesibhedlela akufanele nje luphindaphinde izinqubo ezenziwa ngesandla, kufanele kube uhlelo olunezici ezihlakaniphile.Lolu hlelo luqukethe amamojula amaningana e-EOQ, asethe ngokukhethekile isikhumbuzi se-alamu yokulungisa imishini.Uma umshini ozolungiswa uthunyelwa engxenyeni yemishini ukuze ulungiswe, ikhompuyutha izozikhumbuza ngokuzenzakalelayo (ngokuhambisana nosuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi kwempahla okufanele ilungiswe) ngoba unjiniyela olungisayo akakayilungisi ngesikhathi.I-alamu ihlukaniswe ngamaleveli amathathu (nama-alamu azwakalayo nabonakalayo).Ngokujwayelekile, uma isistimu iku-interface yokungena, ithatha uhlobo lwemojuli yeseva, futhi iyihlole njalo ngemva kwesikhathi esithile.Uma okokusebenza okukhandiwe kudinga ukulungiswa, isistimu izosebenzisa ama-alamu omsindo nokukhanya kusixhumi esibonakalayo sokusebenza ukuze ikhumbuze unjiniyela ngokushesha ukuthi alungise.

Uhlelo luhlinzeka ngamamojula okuhlelwa kwemishini, ukuphathwa kwemishini, ukuphathwa kwezingxenye ezisele, ukuphathwa kolwazi, okukhipha umbiko kanye nokuhlaziya izibalo, ezingenza ukuhlaziya kwezibalo ezinkomba ezihlukahlukene zomsebenzi wokulungisa, futhi zibonise imiphumela yokuhlaziywa kwezibalo ngendlela yamathebula.Okufana nezibalo zokunakekelwa kwezinto zokusebenza, inani lempahla ethunyelwe ukuze ihlolwe, izinga lokukhanda lokunakekelwa kwemishini, izinga lokubuya lokunakekelwa kwemishini kanye nezibalo ze-inventory yezingxenye, nokuhlaziywa kwesici sezinto ezilahliwe.

Ukuze uthole ubuqotho nokuphepha kwedatha, sisebenzisa ikhodi ukuze sisebenzise ikhophi yasenqolobaneni ezenzakalelayo nemisebenzi yokuthola, futhi abalawuli besistimu bangakwazi nokwenza ikhophi yasenqolobaneni futhi babuyisele idatha.Obunye ubuchwepheshe buyindlela eqinile yokugunyazwa, lapho umlawuli enikeza izimvume zokuphatha ezihlukene ngokwezibopho ezihlukene zomqhubi kanjiniyela.

ukuzinza

Uhlelo lwekhompiyutha lusebenzisa i-Windows XP Advanced Server, futhi ngokuqoqwa kwedatha yangasemuva, lunikeza onjiniyela iklayenti elisebenza kahle kakhulu nenkundla yeseva.Indlela yokucubungula idatha usebenzisa lolu hlelo ilula kakhulu.Ingakwazi ukucubungula amafomethi wokubonisa ahlukahlukene futhi iphrinte imibiko yedatha.Idatha nemibiko eyinkimbinkimbi ingacutshungulwa ngokukhululeka.